Structural editing vs line editing vs copyediting

What is structural editing and how much does it cost? #

Structural editing, also known as developmental editing, is the first step in the editorial process. It involves evaluating the manuscript’s overall structure, content, and organization. The editor assesses the plot, character development, pacing, and thematic elements, providing feedback to help the author improve the book’s flow and coherence. This type of editing is key for ensuring that the manuscript is well-structured and engaging.

According to the Editorial Freelancers Association, the median cost for a developmental edit is between 5.0–7.3¢/word, which translates to approximately $60–$82.50 per hour. For an 80,000-word novel, this would amount to roughly $4,000–$5,840. This range reflects the complexity and time involved in structural editing, as it requires a deep understanding of narrative and storytelling techniques.

What is line editing and how much does it cost? #

Line editing focuses on the creative and stylistic elements of the writing. Unlike structural editing, which looks at the big picture, line editing dives into the details of language use, sentence structure, and the author’s voice. The editor works to enhance the manuscript’s readability and emotional impact, ensuring that the writing is clear, concise, and evocative.

The cost for line editing typically ranges from 4.0–6.0¢/word, or $50–$70 per hour. For an 80,000-word novel, this would be approximately $3,200–$4,800. This stage of editing is essential for refining the manuscript’s language and style, making it more appealing to readers.

What is copyediting and how much does it cost? #

Copyediting is the process of correcting grammar, spelling, punctuation, and consistency issues in the manuscript. The copyeditor ensures that the text adheres to a specific style guide, such as The Chicago Manual of Style or The Associated Press Stylebook. This stage of editing is key for eliminating errors and ensuring that the manuscript is polished and professional.

The cost for copyediting is generally lower than structural and line editing, ranging from 3.0–5.0¢/word, or $45–$65 per hour. For an 80,000-word novel, this would amount to roughly $2,400–$4,000. This range reflects the varying levels of copyediting, from basic to more intensive, depending on the manuscript’s needs.

What is the typical order of editing stages? #

The typical order of editing stages is as follows:

• Structural editing: This is the first step, where the overall structure and content of the manuscript are evaluated and improved.
• Line editing: Once the structure is solidified, the manuscript undergoes line editing to refine the language and style.
• Copyediting: After the language is polished, the manuscript is copyedited to correct grammar, spelling, and consistency issues.
• Proofreading: The final stage is proofreading, which involves a final review of the manuscript to catch any remaining errors before publication.

It is important to follow this order to ensure that each stage builds upon the improvements made in the previous one, resulting in a well-edited and polished manuscript.

How do editing costs compare to other publishing expenses? #

Editing costs are a significant part of the overall publishing expenses, but they are not the only costs involved. Other expenses include:

• Cover design: The cost for cover design typically ranges from $625–$1,250, with an average of about $880.
• Interior/print formatting: This can cost roughly $200–$800, depending on the length and complexity of the manuscript.
• ISBN: In the US, an ISBN costs $125 for one or $295 for ten, which is approximately $29.50 each.
• Audiobook production: The cost for audiobook production is about $200–$400 per finished hour, with guidance from ACX suggesting roughly $300–$400 PFH for retail-ready audiobooks.

When compared to these costs, editing expenses are a key investment in the quality of the final product. While other expenses focus on the presentation and distribution of the book, editing ensures that the content itself is of the highest quality.

Frequently asked questions #

What is the difference between structural editing and line editing?

Structural editing focuses on the overall organization and content of the manuscript, while line editing focuses on the creative and stylistic elements of the writing. Structural editing is about the big picture, whereas line editing is about the details of language use and style.

How long does each type of editing take?

The time required for each type of editing varies depending on the length and complexity of the manuscript. Structural editing typically takes longer than line editing, which in turn takes longer than copyediting. For an 80,000-word novel, structural editing might take several weeks, line editing a couple of weeks, and copyediting about a week or two.

Can an author do their own editing?

While authors can and often do perform some level of self-editing, professional editing is highly recommended. Professional editors bring a fresh perspective and expertise in language, structure, and style, which can significantly enhance the quality of the manuscript.

What happens if a manuscript is not properly edited?

If a manuscript is not properly edited, it may contain errors, inconsistencies, and structural issues that can detract from the reader’s experience. This can lead to negative reviews and poor sales. Proper editing is essential for producing a polished and professional manuscript that resonates with readers.